Be careful with date questions

ACT Reading questions that ask about dates or time periods often appear deceptively easy. Its easy to assume that all you have to do is go back to the passage and pick out the appropriate date. Even in a reading that includes a number of dates or years, thats pretty straightforward once you find the correct spot in the passage, right? Wrong. These kinds of questions are actually inference questions in disguise, and answering them often requires you to take information from various parts of the passage and perform some very basic calculations. For instance, one ACT passage asks about the time period when a particular kind of glass structure was least likely to be built in the United States. Nowhere in the passage does the author actually come out and state the answer; (s)he only tells us that in the post-World War II period, many glass structures were built in the US, but that since 1973, most glass structures have been built in Europe. We can therefore infer that after 1973, most glass structure were LESS likely to be built in the US than they were before. The answer, however, is 1975-1985 only an approximation of whats stated in the passage. A lot of people get confused because they cant find a spot in the passage that states the year directly, and often they end up trying to justify a response thats way off base. I dont want to suggest that the correct answer will never be directly stated in the passage; sometimes it will. But before you pick an answer just because you remember seeing it in the passage, make sure that it really does fit.

Ancient History The Legacy of Hatshepsut - 852 Words

During the time of Ancient Egypt, having strong Pharaohs was essential to the maintenance and growth of the civilization, as the Pharaohs were believed to be living Gods. Although leadership of Ancient Egypt was often male dominated, there were admirable female Pharaohs who successfully gained power and left behind a positive legacy; one woman to achieve this was Hatshepsut, meaning ‘foremost of female nobles’. Her innovation and determination allowed her to maintain her position of Pharaoh for about twenty years (1479-1458 BCE). Hatshepsut was considered to be a very successful leader because of her confidence and ambition, magnificent building projects, and establishment of a strong trading network. An essential characteristic for†¦show more content†¦Senenmut, an excellent architect within Ancient Egypt who came from a large educated family, was appointed by Hatshepsut to oversee any royal works, as well as overseeing slaves, fields, and gardens. It is said by some Egyptologists that he initiated a very personal relationship with her—he was even a tutor for Hatshepsut’s daughter. This suggests that Hatshepsut befriended Senenmut for her own advantage, in order for her building plans to be carried out as she pleased. Not only did she effectively choose a skilled architect, but she kept high standards for the location for her memorial tomb. This was at a natural bay near the Theban Mountains, facing the entrance to the Amen-Re Temple at Karnak. This location was especially chosen because it was the existing tomb of her father, and had great importance as it was previously a cult center for Hathor (goddess of ruling kings). A new entrance was created with a staircase leading to a new burial hall carved out of rock. Although her choice called for those extensive alterations of the existing tomb, Hatshepsut wanted to be remembered as a highly regarded leader and appointed Senemut to carry out with those building plans. Hatshep sut’s choice resulted in one of the most beautiful temples in Egypt, known as Djeser Djeseru, meaning holiest of the holy. This specific project displayed Hatshepsut’s creativityShow MoreRelatedHatshepsut s Alteration Of The Social Norms And Standards Surrounding Women1365 Words   |  6 PagesHatshepsut’s alteration of the social norms and standards surrounding women in her society was the most significant impact of her reign over Ancient Egypt, because it proved that women could be self-sufficient and fully functioning leaders, gave divine legitimacy to their rules, and carved a path for future female rulers throughout the world. The 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt was a chiefly patriarchal society. It was a civilization in which femininity and power were not even considered remotely connectedRead MoreThe Hatshepsut Of Egypt During The 18th Dynasty1134 Words   |  5 PagesQueen Maatkare Hatshepsut, Pharaoh of Egypt during the 18th dynasty, from 1473 BC to 1458 BC, was one of only a handful of female rulers of ancient Egypt. Her story is unique in Egyptian history, and reigned longer than any other female pharaoh. Thutmose I, had many wives, and many children. However, Hatshepsut was the daughter and only child of Thutmose I and his primary wife Ahmose. Hatshepsut, was favored by her parents over her brothers. She was beautiful, smart, and had a charismatic personalityRead MoreHow Hatshepsut s Life And Reign1896 Words   |  8 PagesThroughout history, there is absolutely no doubt that women, (whether they be royalty, revolutionaries, or regular citizens,) tend to be erased by the men that were recording at that time. The gender was, and still continues to be, suppressed and discriminated against. Therefore, when a powerful woman happened to be in the position where she could make a difference, she might adapt masculine tendencies and presentation. This is the case of the ancient Egyptian queen Hatshepsut, who was the secondRead MoreEgyptian Civilization And The Egyptian Empire1614 Words   |  7 Pagesdream of gaining more power by expansion and leaving a legacy behind. One of the greatest civilization that arose in the history of the world is the Egyptian empire. Egyptian Civilization has contributed plenty to the world civilization and use most of its contributions today. Egyptian Empire started with the reign of Egypt’s first king, Narmer, in approximately 3100 BCE, and ended with the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BCE. The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a three series of stable Kingdoms whichRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia917 Words   |  4 PagesArchitecture in Egypt and Mesopotamia When you think about ancient architecture, what questions arise? Do you ask yourself about its history, durability, and structure? For example, Egypt is known for its pyramids, while Mesopotamia is known for its temple. Both are influential and recognizable after so many years and will continue to be for years to come, those questions come without a doubt to mind. In the following paragraphs, these questions will be answered and explainedRead MoreNefertiti: Queen of Egypt1187 Words   |  5 PagesToday, Nefertiti is one of the most well known queens of Egypt, famed throughout the ancient world for her beauty. There is little known about the background of Nefertiti but many believe that she was not of royal bloodline. Her father was believed to be a high official of Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. It is said that Nefertiti was chosen by her Father and her Aunt, the Pharaoh’s mother, because of her strong personality that it was believed she could reign in the Pharaoh so her family would holdRead MoreFemale1542 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Rulers Erin B HUM111 November 29, 2015 History is full of powerful women who ruled over lands and won wars to protect their kingdom just the same as the powerful men in history often times better than the men. Some female rulers we know from history such as Hatshepsut who ruled over Egypt long before Cleopatra, Queen Victoria of Great Brittan, Queen Elizabeth II queen of England today and the list could go on and on. However, the two female rulers that we are going compare are Wu ZetianRead MoreThe s Luxor Temple And The 250 Statues1840 Words   |  8 PagesAmenhotep III reigned in ancient Egypt from roughly 1391 to 1353 B.C.E. and is most recognized for his construction of The Luxor Temple and hundreds of shrines he had built. (O’Connor, 2001) Throughout the course of this class we have been asked conceptualize different artifacts and determine what this artifact says about the royal figure that contracted it. Amenhotep’s Luxor Temple and the 250 statues that he commissioned show us that his reign was focu sed on impressing the rich and powerful peopleRead MoreAn Analysis of the Period from New Kingdom Egypt to the Death of Thutmose IV9330 Words   |  38 PagesAncient History- Historical Time Period: New Kingdom Egypt to the Death of Thutmose IV 1. Internal Developments: Impact of the Hyksos: political, economic, and technological Political: The second Intermediate Period was a time of great disunity in Egypt. There was no centralised rule with the country being broken up into independently administered regions. Hyksos sources are archaeological rather than written and are incomplete. Excavations at Tell el- Dab’a in the north-eastern Delta by ManfredRead More The Navigation of Christopher Columbus and the Age of Discovery4963 Words   |  20 Pages Before beginning the research for this work, I had planned on producing a paper and presentation which detailed the history of open sea navigation and the difficulties and dangers which would have faced sailors and seamen during the Age of Discovery. My premise was that we, living in the twentifirst century, had lost touch with the reality of just how hazardous a voyage such as that undertaken by Columbus was. I had hoped to be able to capture for the listener and reader a sense of

The Conflict Of Police Brutality And Racial Profiling

Mia Ryder-Marks 3070037 October 2, 2017 Professor Saad Khan Final Essay Proposal Essay Summary: My exigent topic is focusing on the prominent conflict of African American males and police officials in Western nations, focusing directly on the American South. In the late 1920’s African Americans in the U.S.A, were hopeful that their struggle against racism was nearing a successful conclusion with the start of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People). For many years, especially for people not of colour, racism, racial discrimination and police brutality were â€Å"hidden† from the mainstream media. Though, from current events and to the recent obtainability of liberal media and twenty-four-hour newsrooms,†¦show more content†¦First Main Point: †¢ Police brutality on an international perspective; directing the research to how other nations’ governments are dealing with unjustified killings by the police force and looking at the framework of nations where police brutality, racial profiling, and racism by police officers is in the distant past. Specifically looking at: o Countries such as Norway, where police officers generally do not carry firearms. Comparing statistics such as, in 2014, American police officials killed 1,106 people and Norwegian police forces killed two. o How the American government handles and responses to the backlash of police brutality court cases, protests and the demand for implementation to change versus other countries. o Illustrating that despite this larger emphasis on the international conflict between unequal groups, it is still a very divided conversation. Second Main Point: †¢ Secondly, I will be explaining the utilization of state power and resources as an issue of great significance in the Western society. Though this conception of power and disadvantage was originally a purely economic perspective based on the divide of socioeconomics; racial and ethnic identities have become an integral part of conflict theory hypotheses as they are defined and deliberated today. o This reflects the fact that race, poverty, and crime are inextricably linked within American society, and examining this broader picture ofShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality1314 Words   |  6 Pages Police brutality Those of the minority community have been subjected, for many decades, to violence by those in law enforcement in the United States. This type of violence is a direct depiction of police brutality, which often leads to death. Police brutality has been an issue for many years, and it remains a major concern for those of the minority community. Over the past five centuries, black people have endured violence in many different ways. Today, police officers use deadly, excessive forceRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Police Brutality1561 Words   |  7 Pageshas been an overwhelming amount of police brutality in recent years. Police brutality can be defined as, when a police officer uses more force than necessary. This issue has spread throughout the United States of America, and is putting the lives of our citizens in great danger. Police brutality is not only physical, but it can also be verbal attacks; and, in most cases, it is caused by false arrest and racial profiling due to police co rruption. Police brutality has been and continues to be a majorRead MorePolice Brutality Racism1340 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality in America has been known to put fear in the lives of many Americans. Although police brutality is played out across all avenues of the media and many people see this happening, it yet does not change the fact that racism still exists in the justice system of America. People in positions of power yet have not done anything to rectify the situation and this has lead to the rise of â€Å"Black Lives Matter† movement. Numerous opportunities have been presented to officials to speak up aboutRead MorePolice Brutality1519 Words   |  7 Pagespeople have endured violence in many different ways. Today, police officers use deadly, excessive force that leads to inexcusable assaults, beatings and shootings. This demonstrates the governmentÐ ¢s role in initiating and prolonging racial suppression and provides the explanation for police brutality t o become a federal crime(Black Radical Congress, 3). In history, racist violence, police brutality, has been used to suppress the racial blacks and to preserve power and privileges for the white raceRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On The Relationship1243 Words   |  5 Pages Bad Blood: The Effects of Police Brutality on the Relationship Between Minorities and the Police Brandon Seigle June 16, 2017 CRJS 498 NC AT University ..................Column Break..................As children we are taught that not only are police officers our friends, but that their job is to protect and serve our communities. Unfortunately, for many minorities this image is shattered as incident after incident occurs in the streets of their communities. With today’s technology, theseRead MoreRacial Profiling And Its Impact On Society Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pages Benjamin Todd Jealous once said, â€Å"Racial profiling punishes innocent individuals for the past actions of those who look and sound like them. It misdirects crucial resources and undercuts the trust needed between law enforcement and the communities they serve.†(Jealous, 2015). I couldn’t agree more with him. In today’s society more and more Black men and women suffer from police bias. Police is a powerful organization that was meant to serve and protect. Enforce laws and keeping communities safeRead MorePersuasive Essay On Racial Profiling1414 Words   |  6 Pages Racial Profiling Due to a Lack of Communication Imagine walking down the street one day with your friends, minding your own business when a police car pulls up next to you. As the car comes to a stop, a police officer rushes out with a gun in hand pointed at you. You are thrown to the ground, pinned under the officer, questioning what you did wrong. As you look around for help you realize that you have become the next victim of racial profiling. Racial profiling is the use of race or ethnicRead MoreThe Effects Of Police Brutality On Public Space Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2016 The Effects of Police Brutality on Public Space For decades our country has witnessed many cases of police brutality, which has become a controversial topic among communities and in the media. Police Officers are faced with threatening situations daily that could cost them their life, forcing them to make quick decisions, expecting the worst and hoping for the best. It is evident that there is a tremendous amount of expectations placed on our police enforcement. Although conductedRead MorePolice Brutality a Violation of Human Rights980 Words   |  4 Pages Police brutality is one of the most serious human rights violations in the United States and it occurs everywhere. The reason why I chose this topic is because police brutality happens all the time in the United States and still remains unrecognized by many. Additionally, the public should be knowledgeable about this topic because of how serious this crime can be and the serious outcomes that police brutality can have on other police officers and the public. The job of police officers is to maintainRead MoreJuvenile s Views On Juveniles And Adults Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pagesdrastically changed is because in general, cops believe they are a threat to the society, they use theories to understand the reason why juvenile’s offenders and adult act the way do or from where they learned to act the way they do. On the other hand, police tend to act in an injustice way towards other. General cop’s views on juvenile’s offenders and adults In general, cop’s view Juveniles Offenders and adult as a threat to the society.

ERP Systems Globalization Organizations

Question: Discuss about the ERP Systems for Globalization Organizations. Answer: Introduction In this age of digitalization and globalization, organizations are continuously increasing their operation and thus there is greater need of planning and managing of resources, demand, supply, and demand management, finances in a globalized complex environment. ERPs help the organization to achieve this goal of managing their Sales, Purchases, logistics, account receivables, account payables, asset management, fixed assets needs provided ERP is implemented and configured effectively and is aligned to your business processes. The word effective is very important here because all the enterprises that are planning to implement ERPs or the enterprises who are in process of implementing ERPs software are already scared to some extent due to numerous stories of the failures of ERPs projects. Fox Meyer Drugs become bankrupt while implementing ERP, Waste Management Inc, Dell and Hershey discarded their ERP implementation projects in between suffering from a loss of whopping 100 million US do llars (Motwani, Mirchandani, Madan, Gunasekaran, 2002). Nike suffered huge revenue from sales after ERP implementation project go live. Although all these cases are quite dreadful but then there are also no dearths of cases of successful ERP implementations. Cadbury, Emerson electric, General electric, Rheem manufacturing, Integra life sciences are some of the organizations that have achieved tremendous improvements in their balance sheet and business processes after implementing ERP over a period of time. According to the literature available on this subject, most common cause of the failure of the ERP projects are failure of the management of the company to understand and solve the business problems that arises due to ERP systems. ERP is just an enabler; the main task that differentiates winners from failures is how efficiently the business processes are reengineered and how better the ERPs and standard business processes are aligned with each other. Most of the benefit of the ERPs project comes from changing a business process by solving the business problems and the acceptance of the new processes by the people. In a nutshell, Management ability to solve the business problems, ability to manage changes, understanding business requirements, ability to direct and execute the project are the most important factors for making EPR project as a successful one. Thus, ERP projects are mainly people driven. The objective of this report is to discuss and understand the key issues related to ERP implementation projects, the role and importance of the right people in ERP projects and how these issues can be managed in order to create a positive impact on the ERP implementation projects and making them successful. Also, appropriate real life case studies of the various organizations will be discussed time to time to explain the issues in a more effective way and to discuss companys experiences. Analysis Due to the high cost, long duration and the complexity involved in ERP implementation projects, there are often huge chances of failure if the risks and issues are not manager properly. Before going further into the details, let us discuss the structure of common ERP projects. There are 3 entities: Vendors are the owners of the ERP software who sell the licenses to various enterprises Business implementation team consists of Project manager, change agent, Business process manager for each tracks/modules, which are in scope (Purchasing, Order Management, Logistics, Manufacturing, Finance, Asset Management etc), data management team and quality assurance team. Implementation partner refers to the IT vendors who will actually implement and configure the ERP after understanding the requirements from the business. Implementation partner team also consists of project manager, quality assurance team, technical team and Functional consultant for each module. For every track say Purchasing, Business process manager of Purchasing and Functional consultant of Purchasing will work together to discuss the requirements, changing the business processes and configuring the ERP system. Business team is having the deep knowledge about business processes and functional consultants have deep knowledge about the ERP product (SAP, Oracle, Microsoft dynamics or any other) for their respective modules. Thus, structures of ERP projects are quite complex due to involvement of many entities and there can be multiple reasons for failure of ERP projects. However, the important point here is that ERP is just the software; it is the way of the usage of the software by the people which makes the implementation as a success or failure. Same ERP projects have different outcome because of the different people involved in the project. Thus, ERP projects are highly people centric and most of the issues and costs associate with ERP projects are people related. Some of the critical issues are discussed as follows: Requirement gathering and appropriate ERP vendor selection Requirement gathering is one of the most important aspect in selecting the ERP vendor but still many business executives tends to ignore it or does not get into much details of the requirement. Business executives tend to influence by the sales pitch of the ERP vendors and swayed by successful case studies of the ERP implementation projects by these vendors that demonstrates how the enterprises achieves huge savings by implementing the ERP. However, each business is different and has different set of requirements. Thus ignoring the business requirements is a sure shot recipe for the failure of the implementation projects (Alcarez, Urla, 2002). For example, Waste management Inc suffered massive loss of 100 million dollars due to the failure of ERP implementation and take a legal action against their ERP vendor, SAP. SAP claimed that business is not able to articulate its requirement clearly which lead to the failure of the project (Ghosh, 2012). Not only this, FoxMeyer drug selected SAP ERP because of its success stories in other pharmacy companies and reputation (Scott, vessey, 2000) despite being warned by some Chicago based consultation firm that SAP will not be able to fulfill its business requirements and the result is that FoxMeyer Drug filed legal case against SAP for bankruptcy. To tackle this issue, the best approach is that Business executives prepares detailed list of requirement by each functional area like Order Management, Finance, Manufacturing, Procurement and ask ERP vendors to cover these requirements in their presentation if they are directly supported by their products and if not supported, it is possible to do through customizations. Once the business executives are more vocal about their requirements, ERP vendors will be forced to put more details into their sales proposals. Below is the example of the detailed questions that Business executives need to ask about from the vendor: Sr. no Track Requirement Fit/Gap IF gap/Customization possible. Complexity of the customization 1 Order Management Drop ship and back to back orders supported FIT 2 Procurement Return to vendor FIT 3 Inventory Serial, lot and revision control Serial and lot control are FIT NO Once the requirement analysis is done, Business executives should select the ERP product that is designed to suit their requirements with least amount of customizations. Customizations are very expensive to build and maintain and thus the thumb rule is that any ERP project should not have more than 20% of the customizations. Once this project preparation work is done, it will be easier for the business executives to be reasonable in selection of the right products aligned to their business systems and not just swayed by the good reputation of the ERP vendor. Implementation Partner Selection of Implementation partner is also very important and critical for the success of the project (Tsai, Shaw, Fan, Liu, Lee, Chen, 2011). The depth of knowledge of the functional consultants provided by the implementation partner, their experience and flexibility, their patience to handle change in requirements during the initials phases of the project is of the immense value for the success of the projects. If functional consultants have good track for implementing ERP in similar industries, they can help business to reengineer their process and this will also provide the confidence to the business process owners. Comfort level of the business is shaped by the confidence levels of the functional consultants. Similarly, experienced project manager who can handle the pressure, keep the scope, cost and timeline of the project in control and his ability to manage the risks based on his risks and intuition can be very critical for the success of the project. Another important thing is there that any organizations generally implements ERP only once. Later on, they just upgrade and add different modules, have rollouts for different business units. Thus, there will be many unforeseen challenges that business will face. At that time, it is the responsibility of the Implementation partner to clarify their challenges and provide solution based on their experiences in multiple ERP projects (Bingi, Sharma, Godla, 1999). Top Management Support People are the most important for the successful of any ERP project and thus ERP projects are highly people-centric because ERP is just an enabler. Top management knows the scale of the ERP project and technicality involved so it is indispensable that they must monitor the project execution. Often, they give the task of managing ERP projects to middle management who are not fully aware and also not capable of influencing the change in business process and as a result, there is a lot of opposition from the process owners whenever any change in business process is required. Also, for approvals of change in business process, they have to work with top management due to which there are unnecessarily delays and follow ups which leads to delay. Participation of the top management in just stage gate meetings that are conducted when any milestone is achieved and next phase of the project is about to start is simply not enough (Parr, Shanls, Darke, 2013). They should be monitoring the progre ss of the project frequently and resolve the business problems, approves change in business process and remove delays and bottlenecks in the project. If top management is closely monitoring the ERP project, middle management will also be very much active and aware and decisions should be taken in a timely manner before it is too late. For instance, take the case of FoxMeyer drug. There are frequent changes in the scope of the project lead to unmanageable timelines. Testing phase was cut short by the top management for expediting and this all leads to the failure of the ERP project (Scott, 1999). ERP implementation is a transformative phase in any organization and it becomes imperative for the top management to lead this change by educating the people why it is important for them to implement ERP systems to survive in the market. People who are worry about their jobs due to ERP implementation should be educated that it is just the enabler and it the people only who will manage the software. In a nutshell, if the top management is fully committed for the success of the project, then this commitment will be cascaded to middle management and users which will finally lead to the organizational commitment for the success of the project (Parr, Shanls, Darke, 2013). Ability to manage change ERP projects are sometimes also known as organizational change management projects due to the scale of change involved in any ERP implementation project. Business users have the tendency to resist the change because they are in their comfort zone and fully aware of the existing systems. They will to resist the new ways of doing things and hence makes excuse that ERP is making their job tough and their current processes are not supported by the ERP. As a result, there will be lot of chaos. Thus, it is very much important for the top management to lead the change, educate the users about the implementation of ERP and convinced them about urgency of success of this ERP implementation. Business users should also be given the assurance for adequate training so that they will become comfortable with the new systems. Also, whenever change in business process is required, business users will resist it but if it is advocated by the top management after convincing users about the benefits of i t, they will gradually accept it and adopt it (Altamony, Tarhini, Al-Salti, Gharaibeh, Elyas, 2016). Users should be educated that there are some standard processes derived from the best practices and it is inculcated in ERP packages. If they try to customize, it will not work for long because there will be issues during upgrade. And also, customizations are very expensive to develop as well as maintain. Thus, business process reengineering is required and this reengineering is uncompleted without participation from the end users who are actually the users of the ERP system. To overcome their fear of adapting to new systems, Management must ensure them about the adequate training and testing before the go live. Many organizations compromise on the training and testing which will ultimately lead to the collapse of ERP project (Gupta, Naqvi, 2014). Nikes suffered huge loss from their ERP implementation because of lack of improper training and testing. When Nike go live, users are not comfortable with the ERP systems and does not know how to use the new systems which lead to loss of sales. Also, Nike accepted that there are lots of bugs in demand planning software and it is very slow which lead to failure (Wong, Scarbrough, Chau, Davison, 2005). If Nike could have raised these points during the testing phase, it could have saved millions. But then user complained, they were not given enough time to test the systems. User Training- cascading effect on Testing User training is another important aspect for the success of the project and also the most ignored one. It is very important for the management to accommodate this in the project timeline because it is actually the users who will use the new system. Users training will also have positive impact on the testing of the new systems (Ram, Wu, Tagg, 2014). For instance, if the users are not trained on the new systems, their testing of different business scenarios would also be incomplete and there can be unforeseen challenges after the go live. If the adequate time is given for testing, Users will also test the new systems thoroughly and become comfortable with it. Logging testing defect after go live will be very costly for the organization(Amini, Safavi, 2013). For example, Lumber Liquidators is a leader in US that provided hardwood flooring. Their ERP implementing project is very huge in scope covering close to 300 stores however after go live, they suffered huge drop of about 45% in their net income as compared to previous year due to their inability to handle ERP. Lumber Liquidators management openly admits that there were no issues with the ERP systems and implementations but lack of training of users on new systems lead to this sudden drop in income (Blazer, 2012). Users were habitual of working in Silos however in ERP, business processes are closely linked and have effect on other modules and tracks. For instance, if there is any issue in purchasing the material or receiving, Finance will also be affected during the account payable conciliation, Manufacturing will also be affected in production scheduling of the jobs due to unavailability of raw materials. Go live/Cutover Strategy/Rollout Plan Preparing appropriate Go live strategy by learning from the experiences of other organizations is another important aspect of the ERP projects. There are many approaches like Big Bang approach and phased approach and then there are many flavors of each. For instance, Big Bang approach is that all the modules or all the plants/locations in scope of the ERP projects would start using the new systems after Go live. Phased approach is that initially organization will go live with the finance module and continue to use the existing systems for the other tracks. Once this module is stabilized, organization will go with go live of other tracks based on their priority. Phased approach can also be like initially 1 project goes live and once it is stabilized; there are roll outs for other locations. If the organization is not very comfortable with the ERP systems, Phased approach is recommended so that they can correct mistakes before further expanding the scope of ERP implementation. Modules should be properly tested covering all the business scenarios before system goes live (Sengupta, 2015). Consider the case study of ERP implementation in Hershey. Hershey was keen on using big bang approach (Chen, 2001) and then collapsed in few days after the go live in few days. There were so many unforeseen challenges and issues in each track that it breaks down. Organization Internal Project team Internal project team of the business that comprises of process owner of each track should also be experienced and skilled. Each process owner should be very comfortable about their processes and also aware about the points where their process is cutting different track and may impact the other tracks. ERPs are very connected software and they do not work in Silos while people have habit of working in Silos. Internal project team should also be capable enough to create new business processes or change existing flows if the flows not in synchronized with the ERP systems. It is because ERP systems are built by using the best practices for each business processes. Apart from this, it is very important that the project team should have open mind about the new systems and are very comfortable with their domain. Preparing the important flows in a swim lane fashion like where the business process is cutting into the different track should be prepared. For instance procure to pay cycle, order to cash cycle, manufacture to order should be prepared by all tracks coordinating together. First, high level processes (L1) should be prepared, then gradually adding more details into the process flows and making L2, L3, L4 until all process and sub-process are broken down into activities (Oca, Snoeck, Cardoso, 2014). Enterprise should also assign ERP project champion to oversee the progress of the projects and raised concerns and escalate issues if he sees any issue, delays or things going wrong. Six sigma projects are also complicated and they also have champion that works very well for the execution of the project. Conclusion To conclude, this essay discussed why ERP projects are people centric and why their success and failure depends on the people. ERP software is same but some organizations are achieving huge benefits while some land in bankruptcy and loss of sales. It is because ERP software is just an enabler. Its benefit will come when it is properly implemented. There are numerous issues related to people that deter ERP projects from reaching its true potential. Most of such issues are discussed in detailed by giving example of appropriate real life case studies and appropriate measures are suggested. There are issues like Change management, top management support, requirement gathering, and selection of implementation vendor which all are very critical in determining the fate of the ERP projects. Some organizations couldnt get them right and suffered huge losses, some organizations like FoxMeyer have unrealistic expectation from the ERP software without realizing that it is just the software and f ailed while some enjoying the benefits of ERP and improving their balance sheets continuously. References Altamony, H., Tarhini, A., Al-Salti, Z., Gharaibeh, A., Elyas, T. (2016). The relationship between Change Management Strategy and Successful Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementations: A Theoretical Perspective.International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research,7(4), 690-703. Alvarez, R., Urla, J. (2002). Tell me a good story: using narrative analysis to examine information requirements interviews during an ERP implementation.ACM SIGMIS Database,33(1), 38-52. Amini, M., Sadat Safavi, N. (2013). Review paper: critical success factors for ERP implementation.International Journal of Information Technology Information Systems,5(15), 1-23. Bingi, P., Sharma, M. K., Godla, J. K. (1999). Critical issues affecting an ERP implementation.IS Management,16(3), 7-14. Blazer, C. (2012). Majority of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Projects Fail--M-DCPS Is a Rare Exception. Information Capsule. Volume 1108.Research Services, Miami-Dade County Public Schools. Chen, I. J. (2001). Planning for ERP systems: analysis and future trend.Business process management journal,7(5), 374-386. De Oca, I. M. M., Snoeck, M., Casas-Cardoso, G. (2014, November). A Look into Business Process Modeling Guidelines through the Lens of the Technology Acceptance Model. InIFIP Working Conference on The Practice of Enterprise Modeling(pp. 73-86). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ghosh, R. (2012). A Comprehensive Study on ERP Failures Stressing on Reluctance to Change as a Cause of Failure.Journal of Marketing and Management,3(1), 123. Gupta, R., Naqvi, S. K. (2014). A framework for applying critical success factors to ERP implementation projects.International Journal of Business Information Systems,17(4), 469-490. Motwani, J., Mirchandani, D., Madan, M., Gunasekaran, A. (2002). Successful implementation of ERP projects: evidence from two case studies.International Journal of Production Economics,75(1), 83-96. Parr, A. N., Shanks, G., Darke, P. 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Misogyny Hip Hop W Sources free essay sample

Tina Marble Misogyny In HIP Hop culture refers to lyrics, videos, or other aspects of hip hop culture that support, glorify, Justify or normalize the objectification, exploitation or factorization of women. Misogyny in hip hop music instills and perpetuates negative stereotypes about women. It can range from innuendos to stereotypical characterizations and defamations. Overt misogyny in rap and hip hop music emerged in the late sasss, and has since then been a feature of the music of numerous hip hop artists. Hip hop has had a considerable influence on modern popular culture, saturating mass media through music, radio broadcasts and a variety of other mediums. Gangster rap, the most commercially successful submerge of hip hop, has been particularly criticized and associated with misogyny. Others, however, contest the societal emphasis of misogyny In hip hop music, noting that misogynist and sexist themes are prevalent wealth other forms of popular discourse. We will write a custom essay sample on Misogyny Hip Hop W Sources or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The constant reference of women as blotches and hoes can be Interpreted as offensive or derogatory to women.However, showing women In a negative light appears in many music genres. The fact that it regularly occurs in hip hop is a scapegoat conservatives use to discredit hip hop music. Studies show that other music genres, such as rock music, contain more negative images of women, according to some studies. This is nothing new, Just as marketing and advertising companies have used sex to increase market share and earnings, because to be blunt, sex sells. Misogyny has become a sign of authenticity for some rappers, who use misogynistic lyrics and depictions of violence against women to prove that they are authentic gangs.Many artists view demeaning women as a way to assert their masculinity. Rappers are often considered fake if they distance themselves from hyper- masculine self-portrayals and hostile representations of women. Hip hop artists also use such lyrics to gain commercial success. Many lyrics have an Inherent distrust of women as a significant theme. Women are depicted as femme battles, gold diggers, and as lying about such things as their age or trying to get pregnant. Tuba Shakers Hell 4 A Hustler asks, Why plant seeds in a dirty pitch, waiting to trick me? Not the life for me.In addition, pimps are glorified and their ability to control and exploit women is praised. Authors also link the treatment of women in hip hop to troubled gender relations in inner-city Black and Hispanic communities. In an ethnographic study of inner-city Philadelphia neighborhood, a trend was evident of young men in such neighborhoods try to raise their social status and self-esteem by demeaning and exploiting women. Resulting from this study, it was also learned that, In many cases the more the young man seems to exploit women, the higher Is his regard wealth the group.Welter and Suborn (2009) have identified five common monolinguals themes In lyrics are as follows: (a) Derogatory naming and shaming of women, (c) Legitimating of violence against women, (d) Distrust of women, and (e) Celebration of prostitution and pimping. Men are praised if they abuse and exploit women . These insults seek to degrade women and keep them in their place. Sexual objectification is the most common misogynistic theme in rap music, according to the analysis of Wittier and Kabuki. Women are portrayed as only good for sex. Dry. Drew raps, Bitched anti sit but hoes ND tricks Get the buck out after youre done Violence is depicted as the most appropriate punishment for women who challenge male domination or simply disrespect men. Juvenile, for example, asks, If she thinks youre Joking, is she going get a quick choking? Physical violence and rape are considered fitting responses if women refuse sex or if they commit other offenses. Mine has also been criticized for his depictions of violence against women, Slut, you think I wont choke no where / Till the vocal chords dont work no more / Shut up slut, youre causing too such chaos. In the sasss audiences were endeared to and began to demand more violent and offensive lyrics and record executives were urging artists to write them. It is suggested that one of the reasons why artists use misogynistic lyrics in their music is that they have internalized the negative stereotypes about women that are prevalent in American society. African women were historically portrayed as annalistic sexual beasts and African males in a submissive role, giving in to wild instinct or bodily impulses. The initialization of such stereotypes may be a Seibel explanation of the hyper sexuality within certain hip hop music.Various authors have argued that misogyny is merely an outgrowth of the cultural acceptance of misogyny at large. Misogyny is a tried and true American tradition from which hip hop derives its understanding of how men and women should behave. Critics argue that hip hops misogyny and promotion of traditional gender roles reflect mainstream American values. Feminists suggest that misogyny in hip hop culture is not a black male thing, but has its roots in a larger pattern of hostility award women in American culture. Just listening to a track and hearing the word pitch continuously used, as in Jay Gs 99 Problems, on the surface structure, it appears as if it is a woman he is free of having problems from, when in actuality, it is a female canine dog he is referring to as the pitch. This is one example of where the context in which certain words are used has a huge impact on their interpretation. It is this writers view that yes; hip hop music is misogynistic in nature and is a sexist enterprise. The majority of Hip Hop that comes out today is misogynist and terrestrials.For the most part, Hip Hop and Rap began and has been a male- dominated genre (although there have been several successful female emcees like MS Late, Queen Latish, Ill Kim, etc. ) and has always had a blind element and been supported by urban clothing brands. I feel it is because Hip Hop and Rap music come from the streets, where the average person has nothing to look forward to but poverty and violence, which is why they dream fo r a better quality of life, (which in their minds) comes with cars, clothes, Jewelry, mansions, etc. Misogynist lyrics are taffeta indeed, but they do not represent a new trend in Black popular culture, nor do they differ fundamentally from woman hating discourses that are common among has been identified with masculinity, female artists have traditionally faced many barriers in entering hip hop and have been marginalia as performers. Despite this, many women rappers have found ways to contest and resist the objectification and exploitation of women in hip hop culture. Salt-N-Peep was one of the first all- female rap acts to provide pro-woman messages and critique double standards and grading images in hip hop.In her Grammar Award winning song U. N. I. , Queen Latish challenges male rappers who use the terms pitch and ho to refer to women. The question Who you calling a pitch? ends each verse of the song. You-You has dedicated much of her career to condemning hip hop misogyny. Many other women rap and rap -soul artists such as Lauren Hill, Eureka Baud, Missy Elliot have adopted a persona which opposes misogynistic representations of women in hip hop. However, some female artists offer no resistance to negative portrayals of women, ND in some cases appears to defend male rappers misogyny.

Blood Agglutination

Blood Agglutination Free Online Research Papers Blood agglutination simply refers to the sticking together of erythrocytes as a result of antigen-antibody interaction. Proteins on the surface of the blood cells act as antigens, while antibodies in the plasma of some other blood types act to cause these cells to stick together (www.nutralegacy.com). Clot formation is a tremendously more complex process, involving the platelets, calcium ions, and about 7 different blood proteins. Blood agglutination occurs when certain blood types are mixed; clots are the result of damage to cells, when the body attempts, through a complex process, to prevent blood loss. The process by which the body prevents blood loss is referred to as coagulation. Coagulation involves the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) that prevents further blood loss from damaged tissues, blood vessels or organs. This is a complicated process with a cellular system comprised of cells called platelets that circulate in the blood and serve to form a platelet plug over damaged vessels and a second system based upon the actions of multiple proteins (called clotting factors) that act in concert to produce a fibrin clot. These two systems work in concert to form a clot; disorders in either system can yield disorders that cause either too much or too little clotting (www.health.howstuffworks.com) References: 1. www.health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/systems/ 2. www.nutralegacy.com/blog/tag/blood-clot-formation Research Papers on Blood AgglutinationAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementGenetic EngineeringRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice

Compare and Contrant The French and American Revoulutions Essay

Compare and Contrant The French and American Revoulutions - Essay Example Considering the seniority of the American Revolution characteristics that were unique to this historical even would first be discussed. The American Revolution was the first democratic revolution of human history. America was a British colony and like other colonies of the British Empire was highly oppressed. The British formed many disgracing laws and wanted to use the American land as a supplier of resources and fund that can be used against the French. The main cause of the American Revolution was â€Å"No taxation without representation† (Danver, 145). The Boston Tea Party acted as a catalyst to this great historical event and eminent American leaders like Washington, Jefferson, Madison and many others led from the front with their determination. Abolition of British colonial rule was the sole objective of the revolution and regarding that this revolution unlike French Revolution was directed against a foreign ruler. The American Revolution led to the establishment of the first true democratic government and a single constitution that has remained an icon to the rest of the world even today. In contrast the French has a history of eight constitutions. Again feudal challenge has never been faced by America in order to build a new country and this is exactly opposite for France. The regime that followed the French Revolution can not be considered as modern democracy; especially the reign of Napoleon, it was a type of dictatorship never been heard of in America. Freedom, equality and economic growth have followed the American Revolution at a pace that was never heard of before and might well never be. The French Revolution also has its share of uniqueness. Before the revolution the French government was financing the American Revolution with a hope that it might weaken their arch rival the British. Again there was fascinating stories of royal spending and both of these led to almost bankruptcy of the French government. To restore the situation the commo n French people who were mainly peasants were taxed at a higher rate. The king was bereft of any authority that he could tax the wealthy aristocrats. Beside there was growing unhappiness among the common people regarding the French queen of that time Marie Antoinette. The queen was of foreign origin and was infamous for her royal spending habits that was consider as the route of all financial anarchy of that time. At that time a protest from the commons that led to the fall of Bastille (14th July, 1789) acted as a catalyst to a far bigger uprising that led to French Revolution. Unlike the American Revolution this was hugely supported by the common French people. Ironically many leading revolutionaries who once initiated the revolution fell pray after the denouncement of the monarchy and lost their lives during the â€Å"reign of terror† (Farmer, 1). Though a reformatory process started immediately after the revolution, yet it could not be sustained. At the end unlike the Amer ican Revolution the French Revolution was unsuccessful considering the fact that it had failed to deliver political stability and peace. The main goal to end the oppression of the monarchy along with feudalism remained a distant reverie even after much bloodshed. At most monarchy was replaced by the dictatorship of Napoleon Bonaparte. Though the above two paragraphs have revealed that both these revolutions have their own uniqueness and contrasts with each other, however they have many things in